Kiribati and the Quality of Life in the Short Term

Slide 2

This was the projection of the island in 2001. The earlier picture shows the island from really high above, whereas later that same year it was taken much closer just to show how much the ocean has swallowed the island within months.

Slide 3

As you can see within 10 years of the previous photos, Kiribati is now shaped like a crescent moon due to the rapid rise in the tides.
Here are just some of the basic facts and figures:
Considerable urbanization in South Tarawa (the nation’s capital), which is home to approximately 40% of the current population
Betio in South Tarawa is one of the most densely populated single-storey settlements in the World, housing approx. 6600 people per square km
Other parts of Kiribati predominantly consist of rural or village settlements with which the population live a traditionally subsistence lifestyle with a limited cash economy
A high mortality rate for those younger than 5 years (37 deaths per 1,000 births)

Interview with Andrew Brooks on Homeless to Now

This video was filmed on 26th October 2013 and edited on 31st October 2013 as part of my larger project on Homelessness and Coming Out as gay from a young age.

More statistics can be found on my Writing page (article named Youth & Homelessness).

Alternative Energies vs Nuclear

Alternative Energy Sources

There is a lot of argument about which type of power source is the greatest of all.  Here’s a few which I have mentioned in my PowerPoint Presentation:

  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Geothermal
  • Tides
  • Hydroelectric
  • Fossil Fuels

According to http://home.utah.edu/

 

Solar energy is an energy source for the future since the total energy used by man is less than which the sun gives off which is roughly 35,000 times more with 1/3 of it being absorbed by the outer atmosphere or reflected back into space.  At the present time the use of solar energy in homes is only a very small amount compared to other energy sources being used to power furnaces and heat swimming pool water.

Wind Power is also an energy source which is non-harmful to nature and used without producing any by-products.  Just like solar power, the harnessing of wind is highly dependent on the weather plus location of wind turbines.  (This is going by imperial measurement) On average the wind velocity or speed on Earth is roughly 9 miles/ second.  If one of these devices was to face the wind at speeds of around 10 miles/ hour it would produce about 50 watts.

Although it may not be resourceful enough by simply replacing just a minor amount of our future needs with energy, Geothermal is the alternative which is obtained from internal heat from the planet used to generate steam to run a turbine.  This in turn generates electricity as a useful form of energy.  Geothermal energy is obtained by the temperatures within the Earth itself below the crust starting with the Mantle at about 375 degrees Celsius going right down to the Inner Core with a temperature of around 4000 degrees Celsius.

One of the sources of alternative power in which I am getting information from has very little of the topic of Tidal Power.  Tidal Power is collected by the currents from the depths of the ocean.  This means it utilises the natural motion of the tides which fill reservoirs, these are slowly discharged through electricity-producing turbines.  Tidal Power is also very similar to Hydroelectric which from the damming of rivers to utilise the potential of the energy which has been stored in the water.  The water which is stored behind the dam wall is then released at a really high pressure and the kinetic energy is then transferred onto the turbine blades then used to generate electricity.

Fossil Fuels on the other hand are commonly known as Coal, Oil & Natural Gases which are formed by the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals.  Fossil Fuels have been formed over millions of years and it is predicted that they have been around since the Carboniferous Period or Palaeozoic Era which was roughly 65 million years ago.

Springfield_Nuclear_Power_Plant

As you may know Nuclear Energy comes from uranium and the splitting of these atoms causes a process which is known as fission which is used to generate heat and in turn produces steam.  This process then causes the turbine to generate energy.  It has a low impact on the environment in relation to kilowatts produced and does not emit harmful gases and also requires minimal area for production.  No nitrogen oxide or sulphur dioxide emissions are produced which threaten our atmosphere and no carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases which may cause global warming.  None of the water which comes from these Nuclear Power Plants is harmful to the aquatic life because they do not contain harmful pollutants.  It isn’t just the aquatic life that’s not affected, but also the other plant and animal life. 

According to http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/Community/Radiation.shtm 82% of our everyday total to the exposure of radiation come from natural sources such as:

  • Radon Gas
  • The Human Body which also contains radioactive elements
  • Outer Space
  • Rocks
  • Soil

If you live approximately 50 miles or 80.46km from a Nuclear Power Plant you would be receiving .009 millirem of radiation.  This would mean you would have to live near a Nuclear Power Plant for about 2000 years in order to receive the same amount of radiation as a simple X-ray.

 

References

 

http://home.utah.edu/~ptt25660/solar.html

Solar

 

http://home.utah.edu/~ptt25660/wind.html

Wind Power

 

http://home.utah.edu/~ptt25660/geo.html

Geothermal Energy

 

http://home.utah.edu/~ptt25660/tides.html

Tidal Power

 

http://home.utah.edu/~ptt25660/hydro.html

Hydroelectric

 

http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter08.html

Fossil Fuels

 

http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/Community/WhatIsNuclearEnergy.shtm

Nuclear Energy

 

http://www.unit-conversion.info/length.html

Used to get the conversion from 50 miles (Nuclear Power Plant distance)

Palm Oil & the Orangutans (Palm Oil Free Products)

There are many products on our store and supermarket shelves these days which are full of ingredients that contain palm oil.  But how do we really know what we are buying?  Unless we’ve already done the research then we have no idea do we.

Although, there are manufacturers that do produce products that are completely free of any palm oil.  Manufacturers such as Aldi, Fantastic, Woolworths Ltd and Bartter Steggles are just a few of the many on a long list of manufacturers which produce foods and other goods which do not contain palm oil.

Steggles Aldi Fantastic

Although one company in my slide presentation does produce two breakfast cereals which unfortunately contain palm oil.  Most of the cereals produced by Kellogg’s are free of palm oil except Crunchy Nut Clusters & Sultana Bran Crunch.

Kellogg's

There is a full list of products which can be found on the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil website www.rspo.org or http://www.orangutan.org.au/palm-oil

There are many more manufacturers which make products with no palm oil.  For the full updated list see the second link which will take you to the website which has the full details.

Ecological Footprint

imagesCAUM73BT  http://youtu.be/p9cCFBcVRO4

So what can we do to reduce our ecological footprint on society, say for instance here in Sydney.  Well there are a number of things that are happening and other things that we ourselves can do as well.  According to greensteps.com there are at least 100 ways in which we can reduce our Eco-Footprint, some of these are:

  • Using alternative means of transportation such as carpooling, public transport, walking or riding a bicycle.
  • Asking others to join you in an eco-challenge.
  • Pack your own lunch every day for a week.
  • Bring your own mug to school or work.
  • Recycle your old electronic devices such as mobile phones, TV’s or DVD Players.
  • Get involved in Earth Hour.
  • Install a rain water tank/ barrel.
  • Plant more trees in your garden.

There are many other things you can do but too many for me to list here.  But the message is clear…..  Us as human beings can make a difference to clean up the planet by using a simple rule.

reduce-reuse-recycle-5

Plastic Soup

            As we have already heard from all the other presentations on this topic about the Great Garbage Patch and the devastation is having on our oceans specifically in these areas shown below.

North_Pacific_Gyre_World_Map

I have decided to take a different take on this topic.  I have decided to look at the aspects from websites that some of you may not have looked at.  Although, one website I looked up was in Dutch, I was able to use the translation tool on Google so that I could understand their full website.

  • It was estimated that by 2010, 300 million tonnes of plastic will be made – about half of this will be used just once then thrown away.
  • Annually approximately 500 billion plastic bags are used worldwide. More than one million bags are used every minute.
  • Plastic particles in the oceans attract toxins. These enter the food chain; we are at the top of that food chain.

            For at least 60 years plastic has become a part of our daily lives which most of it sadly gets put into landfill or ends up in the ocean in turn making the marine life suffer due to the negligence of mankind.

DSC00426-300x283

Some of the plastic that we use gets thrown out not just into landfill but also our beaches as you can see in the above picture.  There are many plastic items that are negligently tossed onto the shores;

  • Plastic Shopping Bags
  • Bottles
  • Wrappers, etc.

            This then gets blown about in the wind and lapped up by the ebb and flow of the water.

plastic_trash

Eventually, this plastic makes its long journey out into the ocean and into the 5 Gyres shown on the previous page.  Here it will swim to its heart’s content for many years slowly breaking down into smaller and smaller pieces.

This chart shows what happens to the marine life in a colourful, (but at the same time) shameful way.

ocean-plastic

Marine life such as tiny crabs that generally have a shell on their backs even use our plastic garbage to make homes out of when they’re looking for something bigger because they have outgrown their current shell.

GYRE_OCEAN_PLASTIC_091409_YX-P4

There are many interesting videos on YouTube that talk about this problem affecting the world’s oceans.  And I have found one from the website I mentioned earlier (look at references on the final page).  Here is a video called Beat the Micro Bead from the Plastic Soup Foundation.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=voWTpAE9pqQ

References/ Bibliography

http://plasticsoupfoundation.org/

(for the YouTube video)

http://www.plasticoceans.net/

(page 1 information)

http://www.google.com.au/

(for the images)

Youth & Homelessness

  Homelessness, it happens all too often.  You see people on the streets begging for all sorts of reasons these days… these are the people that tend to be ignored the most.   They range in many, various age groups.  Yet the one that many people seem to forget about the most are youth.  These kids are thrown out of home sometimes for no apparent reason, or a greater fact in which some parents don’t seem to want to know or recognise in their own children … Sexuality.IMG_0757_3  It happens when either one or both parents do not want to know their own child because of this fact.  It is sad when this happens, and that young person is left with nothing and no support from their own family.  No one really knows why some parents do this to their own children.

 MCG

The MCG at Night provided by Sascha Wenninger on Flickr

According to KUC (Kids Under Cover) ‘on any given night in Australia, statistics show that there is an estimate of about 105,000 homeless in the country of which could fill the equivalent of the MCG,  42% being under 25.  These figures come from the ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) Census population & housing of estimated homeless in 2011.  Also according to the Dept. of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Literature Review into the effective interventions working with homeless and at-risk young people in 2012.  Family Breakdown still continues to be one of the leading causes for homelessness in youth today.’  Ref: www.kuc.org.au

 Youth Line Stat 1

Youth Line Stat 1 provided by Lisa5588 on: Flickr

LGBT Youth who are homeless face significantly higher risk of suicide, HIV infection, and physical and sexual assault while homeless than do straight youth.  When I first read this comment on a picture I found via Google image search I wasn’t too surprised or shocked by it.  These youth think life may not be worth it and so they try many things such as drugs, alcohol and many other things in an attempt to snuff out their own existence.  Some also have no idea that there is help available for them out in the big wide world.  Most parents want their kids to find a partner, get married and have children of their own.  And when a child tells their parents “I’m gay,” this is what forces some parents to kick their kids out of home with nothing.

            These LGBT youth that have this happen don’t realise there are agencies out there for them because they don’t have the information before it happens.  Now days, there are many ways in which to get information on youth services from various sources.  The internet has a great many ways in which you can find anything including information about youth refuges, not just for all youth but for those who are coming to terms with sexual orientation.  Agencies such as Twenty10 deal with a lot of these cases every day and many other organisations out there deal with various stages of homelessness from providing counselling, food and shelter in order to decrease the amount of people which live on the streets sleeping in doorways, under bridges and on park benches.

According to the National Coalition for the Homeless

  • 20% of homeless youth are LGBT. In comparison, the general youth population is only 10% LGBT.
  • While homeless youth typically experience severe family conflict as the primary reason for their homelessness, LGBT youth are twice as likely to experience sexual abuse before the age of 12.
  • LGBT youth, once homeless, are at higher risk for victimization, mental health problems, and unsafe sexual practices. 58.7% of LGBT homeless youth have been sexually victimized compared to 33.4% of heterosexual homeless youth
  • LGBT youth are roughly 7.4 times more likely to experience acts of sexual violence than heterosexual homeless youth
  • LGBT homeless youth commit suicide at higher rates (62%) than heterosexual homeless youth (29%)

Figures such as these are alarming to the majority who read them for the first time.

 IMG_0754

            In a nutshell there are at least 11 main causes for youth becoming homeless:

  1. Primary Causes: being family conflict or severe economic hardship.
  2. Foster Care: with results of approximately 20% of youth arriving in shelters from this, and 25% whom have been in foster care within the last year.
  3. Prison/ Juvenile Corrections System: some from lack of support and opportunities for work and/ or housing.
  4. Abuse: some youth run away from home or homes due to being victims of physical, sexual or emotional abuse.  One study has shown that 4 in 10 youth are beaten by their caretaker, with a quarter of them either being sexually abused or leave from fear of this happening.
  5. Substance Abuse in the Home: more than 40% of these homeless youth report that either one or both parents at some point had received treatment/ counselling for drug, alcohol or psychological problems.
  6. Substance Abuse by Youth: some become homeless due to their own drug addiction.  The Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment made a study showing, 85% of homeless youth have substance use disorders.
  7. Pregnancy: at least one tenth of teenage girls either run away or kicked out due to teen pregnancy.
  8. Sexual Orientation: as I have mentioned already, this demographic being forced out of home.  Statistics from www.dosomething.org show that at least 25% of homeless youth are LGBT.
  9. Unaffordable Housing: unemployed homeless youth find it tough to be able to support themselves financially and miss out on the basics like food and shelter.
  10. Neglect: lack of emotional and/ or financial support from families.
  11. Mental Illness: these youth end up homeless due to the fact that they do not have the access to supportive housing and/ or other alternative treatments in order to help them.

Bibliography

www.kuc.org.au

(Kids Under Cover website)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/sufw/5917585651/sizes/l/

(Picture of MCG taken by Sascha Wenninger)

http://www.dosomething.org/actnow/tipsandtools/background-11-causes-teen-homelessness

(11 main causes for youth becoming homeless)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/43081635@N08/4766323572

(Picture from Lisa5588)

Writing Brief

I have chosen to write my story on the subject of homelessness in the LGBTIQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer) Community at large and the reasons why this happens for some.

During the interviewing process I will try to gleam more information from a variety of sources within the community.

I have sent an email to Rebecca Reynolds, Managing Director of Twenty10 to gain approval to interview her and the possibility of interviewing clients as well.

Unfortunately the reply from her was not that unexpected considering that they have many clients who are under the age of 18. Here is a copy of Rebecca’s reply email to me from September 2nd 2013:

Hi Tevin and thanks for your email and your phone message.

It’s great that you’re working on such an important topic and I’m also really glad to hear that you know some people who have been helped by Twenty10 in the past.

As a provider of services, Twenty10 doesn’t often ask young people to participate in projects for external organisations or people unless it has a research focus that is feeding into something that will shift policy or increase services to the LGBTI communities, so it isn’t something that we can help out with.

If it is useful, I could point you in the direction of some recent research on this topic which you might be able to weave through your work? Let me know if you’re interested.

Thanks again for making contact.

Sincerely

Rebecca Reynolds

Cert. IV at Ultimo

Analyse Consumer Behaviour Profile the Market

Assignment Due: 10th June 2011

A) Individual (internal) influences on Consumer Behaviour.

Personality

B) Group (external) influences on Consumer Behaviour.

VALS grouping

I’m going from the personalities of the students and organisers at UTS as a base line for this assignment.

From what I have observed by meeting with organisers and students who use the queer space at UTS, I have surmised that there is a very warming and friendly atmosphere on campus. For the queer space, they have made it so that certain behaviours would not be tolerated.

Although personalities can vary from person to person (gay, lesbian, bi-sexual, straight, etc.) we must remember that not everyone will behave in the same manner as the next person of the same gender and/ or sexuality. Personality can also fall under the same umbrella as attitudes (I believe they are one in the same). When it comes to the appeal of advertising it is crucial to keep these in mind.

A personal approach should be more confidential to let people see that their identity is secure within the room and that they can take comfort in the knowledge of this fact. Attitude can also entwine with the Personal aspect since peoples personalities and attitudes can differ. It basically comes down to identity.

Maslow explained some of these facts in his Hierarchy of Needs pyramid.

(This is taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg)

When I look at this diagram I feel that there are certain points that relate more to what I am doing rather than the rest. For example; (going from the bottom up)

Safety – family, health & morality
Love/ Belonging – friendship
Esteem – of self, confidence, achievement, respect of & by others
Self-actualisation – acceptance of facts & morality
With McClelland’s 3 Needs Theory we are looking at;

Achievement – the need to get somewhere not just with studies at Tafe or University but also with life.
Affiliation – the need to feel acceptance by others.
Power – not in the way McClelland describes power… but social power.
We can also look at the use of TAT (Thematic Apperception Test); this tool can be used to measure individual needs of different people. TAT can be used in determining the future of what individuals may be well suited to.

To find out personality you can also look at Jung’s Personality Types and Information Processing which involves; Thinking (T), Feeling (F), Sensing (S) & Intuition (N).

ST – Sensing/ Thinking

These people make logical and objective decisions (based on what they perceive)
They are Low Risk takers
They’re Price Sensitive
The devoting of Time and Effort to search and weigh Advantages V’s Disadvantages in a careful manner
They also value Material Possessions
SF – Sensing/ Feeling

Their decisions are strongly influenced by what they perceive
Personal values influence their Final Purchase Decision considering others at the same time
Conform to the same risks which others may take
They also value Material Possessions especially when trying to impress others
NT – Intuition/ Thinking

They are Moderate Risk Takers (willing to buy in cases of uncertainty)
They are Creative and Logical thinkers
They take in a broad range of options
They’re open to New Ideas
They evaluate options with considerable mental effort
NF – Intuition/ Feeling

They take in broad range of options when it comes to a purchase decision and are sensitive to the views of others at the same time
They are High Risk Takers
They are Highly Innovative
They are attracted to Change and Novelty
They’re ‘Mostly’ Price-Insensitive
Decisions are Strongly influenced by Subjective Orientation rather than the External Objectivity
If we look at Tertiary students we tend to look at Affiliation the dictionary tells us this;

–noun

the act of affiliating; state of being affiliated or associated.

(ref: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/affiliation)

Affiliation Need (nAFF)

Affiliation themes are revealed in stories about establishing or restoring close and friendly relationships, joining groups, participating in pleasant social activities, and enjoying shared activities with family or friends. It reflects behaviors toward others that are cooperative, supportive, and friendly and which value belonging and conformity to the group. They obtain great satisfaction from being liked and accepted by others, and prefer to work with others who prefer group harmony and cohesion (e.g.., relationship-centered, Jungian Type F’s).

A person low in affiliation tends to be a loner who is uncomfortable socializing with others except for a few close friends or family (introversion?). They may lack motivation or energy to maintain high social contacts in networking, group presentations, public relations, and building close personal relations with peers and subordinates so necessary for most managers.

Those with strong nAFF are reluctant to let work interfere with harmonious relationships. Moderate nAFF is related to effective management, since strong needs often lead to avoidance of unpopular decisions, permitting exceptions to rules, and showing favoritism to friends. This often leads to subordinates feeling confused about rules, playing to the manager’s likes, and becoming anxious about what might happen next (inequity).

(ref: http://faculty.css.edu/dswenson/web/LEAD/McClelland.html)

C) Analyses from A & B.

Based on gen Y college students:

The media habits of this generation, they are on the internet looking for the latest information, not big on television, they listen to select radio stations such as Nova, Triple J, etc.

Social Networking seems to be largely used by this group with the use of Facebook, Twitter, etc. About 11% have said that they have made a purchase from the influence of social media. Email usage also spikes among them during this stage in their lives with the introduction of smartphones. Multiple life stage ranging in the use of managing bank & credit card accounts (paperless statements become more popular), interacting with professors/ teachers/ lecturers and prospective employers, also coupons and other offers are found on the internet (these are critical to survival on a limited budget). The reason for the survival is due to the fact that these people are leaving the family home and getting out into the world.

NB: Unfortunately, during 2012, the original USB Memory Stick I had all this work on got overloaded and stopped working, which meant I lost a portion of my work. The above assignment is only Part A of a two part assessment. Part B has been lost in the recovery process along with some other work I had done in 2011. Some of this work includes PowerPoint presentations.

media budget

What is Digital Literacy?

phone.jpg

 

digital literacy bubbles.jpg

 

students.jpg

 

 Digital Literacy friend interview
This is an interview I had with a friend during
semester 1 for this assessment.

Digital literacy is the ability to locate, organise, understand, evaluate, and analyse information using digital technology. It involves a working knowledge of current high-technology, and an understanding of how it can be used. Further, digital literacy involves a consciousness of the technological forces that affect culture and human behaviour. Digitally literate people can communicate and work more efficiently, especially with those who possess the same knowledge and skills.

This statement comes from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_literacy
It may not always be the case in some societies/ communities today since so many people are always learning more and more new skills in the Digital Age. Many people today have computers in their homes and some use them in the office, educational institutions such as High School, Tafe & Universities.

When we mention digital literacy many people just think internet when in actual fact this has a broad meaning. Digital does not just mean the internet (although that has come a long way from dial-up to broadband), it also means the use of various computer programs such as Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Access, Publisher, Powerpoint, etc.). Other various programs used today include: Windows Media Centre/ Player/ Movie Maker, Adobe, Photoshop & Photostory 3 just to name a few.

When we talk about the internet some of the main popular sites used include: Facebook, Google, Twitter, Youtube and the various emailing websites like Yahoo, Windows Live/ Hotmail, Gmail, etc.

Digital Natives vs. Digital Immigrants…..


This video demonstrates the topic perfectly when we think about it logically.

http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/prensky%20-%20digital%20natives,%20digital%20immigrants%20-%20part1.pdf
From On the Horizon (MCB University Press, Vol. 9 No. 5, October 2001)
The article from the address shown basically states that it is not the way people are speaking (slang), clothing & accessories or styles, etc. Mark Prensky has called it a ‘discontinuity or singularity’ as such.
The arrival and rapid dissemination of digital technology in the last decades of the 20th century.

It has been estimated that (in the U.S. alone) the average college graduate will spend on average about:

  • Less than 5,000 hours of their lives reading
  • Over 10,000 hours playing video games
  • 20,000 hours watching television

Computer games, emails, internet, cell (mobile) phones and IM (instant messaging) are an integral part of their day-to-day lives.

Today’s students think and process information fundamentally differently from their predecessors.

“Different kinds of experiences lead to different brain structures, ” says Dr. Bruce D. Perry of Baylor College of Medicine.

Communication & Media

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